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Essential4Health

Get Healthy ~ Stay Healthy

Essential4Health

Get Healthy ~ Stay Healthy

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Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2

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LPPLA2

Description

"Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2" test measures levels of the Lp-PLA2 enzyme, which is linked to inflammation in artery walls and potential plaque buildup. It’s often used to evaluate cardiovascular risk in people with high cholesterol, hypertension, or a family history of heart disease. Elevated Lp-PLA2 may suggest increased risk for heart attack or stroke. Results help doctors guide treatment strategies that might include anti-inflammatory therapy, lifestyle changes, or medication. Monitoring this marker supports early intervention and long-term heart health.

"Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2" test measures levels of the Lp-PLA2 enzyme, which is linked to inflammation in artery walls and potential plaque buildup. It’s often used to evaluate cardiovascular risk in people with high cholesterol, hypertension, or a family history of heart disease. Elevated Lp-PLA2 may suggest increased risk for heart attack or stroke. Results help doctors guide treatment strategies that might include anti-inflammatory therapy, lifestyle changes, or medication. Monitoring this marker supports early intervention and long-term heart health.

Test Category

Enzymes

Procedure

Invasive

Sample Type

Blood – Serum

Units

Nanograms Per Milliliter

Procedure Category

Blood Draw

Test Group

Basic Cardiovascular Group, Complete Cardiovascular Group, Cardio Risk Group, Enzyme Group, Complete Inflammation Group

Test Group Description

Basic Cardiovascular Group: This group includes fundamental tests targeting essential markers related to cardiovascular health, providing foundational insights into cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other key factors. Cardio Risk Group: This group focuses on assessing various markers associated with cardiovascular health and risk factors, aiding in the early detection and management of cardiovascular diseases. Complete Cardiovascular Group: This group contains comprehensive tests for an extensive evaluation of cardiovascular health, providing thorough insights into heart-related conditions beyond basic assessments. Complete Inflammation Group: Extensive tests offer a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory markers, yielding detailed insights into inflammation levels and related health conditions. Enzyme Group: Evaluates enzyme levels and activity, offering insights into enzymatic function and related health conditions.

Optimal Range

For All Individuals:

  • Conventional Unit: 0.00–165.00 ng/mL

  • SI Unit: 0.00–165.00 ng/mL

Normal Range

For All Individuals:

  • Conventional Unit: 0.00–200.00 ng/mL

  • SI Unit: 0.00–200.00 ng/mL

Results That Differ From The Norm (Direct and Indirect Causes)

Increased levels may indicate:


  • Atherosclerosis (Build-up of plaque in arteries)

  • Coronary artery disease (Narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries)

  • Genetic factors (Inherited traits influencing lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels)

  • Ischemic stroke (Stroke caused by blocked blood flow to the brain)

  • Metabolic syndrome (cluster of conditions in...

Key Reasons For Testing

  • Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: Measures vascular inflammation to assess risk for heart attack and stroke.

  • Evaluation of Atherosclerosis: Detects the presence and progression of atherosclerotic plaques.

  • Identification of High-Risk Patients: Stratifies risk in intermediate- or high-risk individuals.

  • Assessment of Plaque Stability: Evaluates the risk of plaque rupture and thrombosis.

  • Monitoring Response to Therapy: Tracks the effectiveness of lipid-lowering treatments.

Health Status Conditions It May Be Used To Assess

Currently, this test is not directly associated with any conditions listed on the Health Status page. However, it may be included as part of a broader set of tests linked to specific health conditions.

Some Prominent Medical Labs That May Offer This Test

Please note that this particular test has not been associated with any of the listed prominent medical labs. We recommend enquiring with your private physician or nearest hospital to determine where this specific test can be performed.

References

Important Note

Any medical procedure yielding results outside the norm may be directly or indirectly linked to the conditions outlined on this page. Various factors, including genetics, medication and supplement usage, recent illnesses, pregnancy, pre-test eating, smoking, and stress, can impact the test's outcome. Additionally, factors like false positives, false negatives, inaccurate analyses, and others can influence results.


Reference ranges, which help healthcare professionals interpret medical tests, may vary depending on age, gender, and other factors. They may also differ between laboratories due to variations in instruments and methods used. Optimal ranges are designed for preventive purposes, aiming to identify trends and potential risks early, while normal ranges reflect conventional laboratory values indicating no current disease or pathology. Your healthcare practitioner may have specific reasons for testing that deviate from the usual or may interpret results differently based on individual circumstances. Proper interpretation typically involves considering clinical findings and other diagnostic tests. Hence, it is crucial to provide your healthcare professionals with a comprehensive medical history, consult with them for result interpretation, and follow their guidance for potential re-testing or additional diagnostics.

Disclaimer

This content is provided solely for informative and educational purposes. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice or treatment from a personal physician. Regarding the interpretation of their medical test results and/or specific health questions, it is recommended that all readers and viewers consult their physicians or other qualified health professionals. The publisher is not responsible for any adverse health effects that may result from reading or following the information in this educational content. Before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program, all viewers, especially those taking prescription or over-the-counter medications, should consult their physician or health care practitioner.


Please note that while prominent lab names are included in this content, we cannot guarantee that these labs offer all the tests mentioned. For confirmation, individuals should contact the labs directly or consult their medical practitioners. The information provided reflects general knowledge at the time of publication and may not include recent updates or emerging research. Readers should verify details with qualified professionals to ensure the most up-to-date and accurate guidance.

[1] Rosenson RS, Stafforini DM. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. J Lipid Res. 2012;53(9):1767-1782.
[2] Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Bang H, et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk for incident coronary heart disease in middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation. 2004;109(7):837-842.
[3] Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Löwel H, et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 adds to risk prediction of incident coronary events by C-reactive protein in apparently healthy middle-aged men from the general population: results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study, 1984-1998. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(4):252-259.
[4] Ridker PM, MacFadyen JG, Wolfert RL, Koenig W. Relationship of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and oxidized LDL with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in women. Atherosclerosis. 2011;214(2):381-387.
[5] Packard CJ, O'Reilly DS, Caslake MJ, et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(16):1148-1155.
[6] Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, O'Donoghue M, et al. Prognostic utility of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. JAMA. 2007;298(5):587-596.
[7] Tsimikas S, Willerson JT, Bermúdez B, et al. High plasma levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predict clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(15):1799-1804.
[8] Khuseyinova N, Imhof A, Rothenbacher D, et al. Association between Lp-PLA2 and coronary heart disease: results of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg study. Clin Chem. 2005;51(2):552-559.
[9] Davidson MH, Corson MA, Alberts MJ, et al. Consensus panel recommendation for incorporating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 testing into cardiovascular disease risk assessment guidelines. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(12A):51F-57F.
[10] Oei HH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, et al. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is associated with the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. The Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2005;111(5):570-575.
[11] Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9725):1536-1544.
[12] Brilakis ES, McConnell JP, Lennon RJ, et al. Association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels with coronary artery disease, diabetes, smoking, and statin therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(3):290-296.
[13] Boekholdt SM, Keller TT, Wareham NJ, et al. Serum levels of Lp-PLA2 activity and risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(4):839-846.
[14] Hatoum IJ, Cook NR, Nelson JJ, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and incident cardiovascular disease in women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31(2):427-433.
[15] Davidson MH, Corson MA. New insights into the biology and treatment of elevated Lp-PLA2: a cardiovascular inflammatory biomarker. Prev Cardiol. 2009;12(1):13-18.
[16] Cojocaru M, Cojocaru IM, Silosi I. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a predictive biomarker of sub-clinical inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Maedica (Bucur). 2010;5(1):51-55.

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